The Government of Ontario has implemented a ban on the use of cosmetic pesticides, the type commonly used to control weeds. You can read more about the legislation, and the background for it, on the Ontario Website at http://www.ene.gov.on.ca/en/land/pesticides/.
Several years ago, Gary MacLean provided the following article, which has been on the KLRA Website. The Government's ban is merely catching up with knowledge that has been in the public domain for a long time.
Pesticides (Part 1)
The following information is drawn from papers published by the Workers Health. & Safety Centre, The Toronto Star, World Wild Life, and the Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph.
What are pesticides?
Pesticides are substances designed kill, injure, repel and neuter living organisms that some have determined to be pests. These pests might include insects, plants, fungi, molds and/or rodents. The term pesticides refers to a wide range of products, including herbicides, insecticides and fungicides. They are available in a variety of formulations including sprays, dusts, powders, granulars, concentrates, liquids, pastes, pellets, pressurized products and tablets.
There are approximately 6,000 pesticide products registered for use in Canada. Most came into the market following the World War II. The World Wildlife Fund has calculated that at least 50 million kilograms of these products are used in Canada each year, at a reported value of one billion dollars a year. They are used in agriculture, in fish farming, in homes, in day cares, in parks and recreational fields, on residential lawns, on golf courses, on pets, and even on children to combat head lice. They are also used widely in industries such as food service and textile industries.
What are the health effects?
Acute or short-term effects of pesticides can result in the following:
- Rashes
- Shortness of Breath
- Vomiting, and
- Death
Long term health consequences can also be devastating. A recent study of individuals newly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease has found that home pesticide use and exposure is associated with a substantially increased risk of developing this disease.
Previous studies have also found a relationship between pesticide exposure and neurological disorders, negative effects to the immune system, liver and kidney damage, respiratory ailments, infertility and cancers, including brain, lung, prostate and breast cancers.
How are children affected?
Children from conception to sexual maturity are most vulnerable to pesticides. The Environmental Health Committee of the Ontario College of Family Physicians report a higher incidence of leukemia, brain cancer and soft tissue sarcomas in children exposed to herbicides and insecticides. Emerging science has also linked wide variety of health problems in children to their parent's exposure to pesticides, including birth defects, premature birth, learning and behavioural problems.
Some Statistics:
To eliminate broadleaf weeds many people use a product containing 2-4-D. Here are some facts:
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Endocrine disruptor, component of agent orange (used to defoliate in Vietnam) |
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Contaminates bodies of water (detected in Grenadier Pond, Humber and Don Rivers) |
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Surface and groundwater contamination |
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Linked to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in farmers |
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Found in residential carpet dust up to one year after application outdoors on lawns |
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Linked to canine malignant lymphoma |
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Contains chlorine and contaminated with dioxin |
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Exposure from ingestion or skin absorption linked to nausea, vomiting, spasms, seizures and coma |
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Negative reproductive effects |
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Half-life in soils of seven days and therefore never disappears entirely. |
Municipalities have the right to implement by-laws protecting public health and safety. So ruled the Supreme Court of Canada last June (2001) in their landmark decision upholding a by-law passed in Hudson, Quebec that banned the cosmetic use of pesticides within municipal boundaries.
What is happening locally?
Pressed by health, safety and environmental activists many Canadian municipalities are not waiting for other government jurisdictions. They have already moved to protect their workers, environments and citizens by passing bylaws to reduce or outright ban the use of pesticides for cosmetic purposes. Most are limited to uses on public property, but with the recent Supreme Court ruling upholding a municipality's right to implement measures protecting the health of citizens, up to and including restrictions on private property, others are looking to broaden their approach.
Pesticides - Designed to Kill (Part 2)
by Gary MacLean The following information is drawn from papers published by the Workers Health & Safety Centre, The Toronto Star, World Wild Life and the Department of Environmental Biology, University of Guelph
Alternatives to Pesticides
Lawn Care:
If you must have a lawn you may avoid the use of dangerous pesticides by following these guidelines.
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Choose grasses or ground covers and plants that are well adapted to your general climate and that are suitable for the specific site. |
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Mow the lawn frequently with sharp blades set as high as possible. |
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Leave grass clippings on the lawn. |
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Water (if you must) slowly and deeply, preferably in the evening. |
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Use organic slow release fertilizers. |
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Over-seeding is another important strategy. You can attain excellent results by casting a mix of drought-tolerant grub resistant grasses. eg. perennial rye with white clover. Mix the seed into soil and throw over existing lawn. |
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Remove weeds by hand. |
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Insect infestations:
Ants: Apply bone meal or diatomaceous earth at the burrow opening. Encircle the point of entry with a line of red chili powder, paprika or dried peppermint leaves. Diatomaceous earth is the material used in swimming pool filtration systems. A caution when using this material- it also kills butterflies, honeybees and other beneficial insects.
Aphids: In a blender, mix garlic, green onions and half a teaspoon of Tabasco sauce. Strain and mix with soapy water. Spray the garden, wait a half and hour and rinse off affected plants.
Slugs, snails or earwigs: Place a dish of stale beer in the garden. Insects will enter and drown.
Grubs: Spray lawn with soapy water and turn over areas of sod infested with grubs allowing birds to eat them. Alternatively, apply nematodes, a natural predator of grubs, to the affected areas.
Fungus control: Use natural methods such as compost. There is a general movement to ban insecticides and herbicides for cosmetic purposes throughout Muskoka. The Town of Gravenhurst is doing their part by not using pesticides on Town-owned parks and properties. They are accomplishing their goals by over-seeding and the use of natural compost.
Are you doing your part? Remember that these chemicals can exist in the ground (as well as in your living room rug) for a long time . They also enter the water table and run off into steams, gutters and eventually the lake. These poisons and nutrients can only cause damage to the natural state of our lakes.